Group 3 – digital faxing

April 7th, 2011

The Group 3 fax machines are the first to use digital standards.  Most fax machines today are digital.

The digital machines look at the image as a set of discrete elements called pixels. The documents are commonly viewed in black and whites and therefore every pixel can be black (binary one) or white (binary zero). That way the digital transformation of a paper document to a fax letter results in binary code and the fax data transmission speed is measured in “bits per second”. Additionally the fax data of the image can be compressed which speeds up the transfer. After the data is transferred the recipient can use error checking algorithms to minimize any data loss during transmission. The digital signals increased the speed and quality of the data transmission. They also made the sending of complicated graphics possible.

The Group 3 fax standard is defined by the recommendation ITU-T T.4 in 1980. At the beginning the first modems were “V.27 ter”. They transfer the signal with just 2400 or maximum 4800 bits/second. This standard was later modified twice – in 1984 and 1988. The modem standards did increase to V.29 by 7200 or 9600 bits/second. The revision of the standard from 1990 includes the modems standard V.33 in which the coding schemes of the Group 4 fax standards are approved. In the middle of the 90s the modems V.34 were adopted and the speed of transmission was increased up to 33600 bits/second. A feature for lowering the transfer rate in case of sudden bad quality on the connection was added as an additional feature.

The Group 3 standard provides two levels of quality – Standard and Fine. The difference is the number of vertical dots per page – 100 for standard and 200 for fine mode.

Internet faxing security

April 7th, 2011

Internet faxing offers big advantages and is very convenient in comparison to traditional fax machines; however it brings additional questions and possible obstacles that did not seem to exist before. One of those new problems is security. The traditional fax transmission can be considered “relatively secure” – the fax letter would generally follow this communication path: “sender machine -> sender telecom provider > recipient telecom provider > recipient machine”. We assume a certain level of trust with our telecom providers to not allow “information leaks” and normally they will not store anything except the traffic logs (who called who at specific times). 

How does it work with the Internet?

The fax to e-mail and e-mail to fax solutions have “extra steps” in the delivery process. For example if you are sending from a fax to e-mail service to a regular fax number, then the process is similar to the following: “sender  e-mail client -> sender e-mail server -> routing of the e-mail to the fax to e-mail server -> fax to e-mail server ->  telecom provider of the server -> recipient telecom provider -> recipient fax machine”. The receiving process is usually the same in the opposite direction. That are part of the communication path that should receive special attention is on the “routing of the e-mail to the fax to e-mail server”, since this includes many interconnects (routers, switches, etc.) that are transparent to both the sender and receiver.  We must be sure that nobody in is “sniffing” or altering this traffic.

The solution for the privacy of this information during the transmission between the sender of the e-mail and the Internet fax server (and vice versa) is the encryption of the information through TLS (transport layer security). The UnityFax.com e-mail servers do support TLS encryption and it is always enabled if the client supports it. This means that even if someone tried to sniff the traffic information, they would only see encrypted data, which is not useful.  If the client e-mail service is secure, it would provide a secure path between the  ”sender e-mail client -> fax to e-mail server”.

As soon as the e-mail is securely delivered to the fax to e-mail server, then it is converted to a fax letter and sent through a fax modem to the recipient machine with the help of telecom providers.  This provides a secure path similar to traditional faxing.

An alternative to using secure email is using a secure website.  By connecting to our SSL (secure socket layer) website, you bypass the whole email system and have direct secure access to our servers for both the sending and receiving of faxes.

UnityFax also provides a secure fax storage service. Unlike traditional fax communications (where the telecom providers only keep the traffic logs but not the transmitted data) the secure storage can keep copy of your inbound faxes so that you can recover them if needed. 

The UnityFax.com secure storage service is completely secure and is using a trusted SSL certificate issuer:

For fax letters which include very sensitive information, we provide an additional option to prevent storage:

Conclusion: Internet faxing should be consider secure if the proper methods are employed.

FTP service for fax management

February 23rd, 2011

In a previous article we did show the UnityFax secure storage service. The default interface of secure storage is web based – it is accessed through the password protected “Download (FAX)” area on UnityFax.com. The incoming faxes are organized in folders for each month and the sent items are in the “Sent” folder. It does provide a convenient “Search” feature with which you can search for a specific fax letter.

Sometimes you may encounter a situation in which you wish to download all of your faxes from the secure storage at once. It is a common situation and a good backup practice to keep a local copy of all your PDF/image files with faxes and have them fully synchronized with the secure storage on the server. Yes, the web interface will let you do that; however it has to be done manually, since it does not support bulk functions. A much more convenient way to accomplish bulk operations is by using the FTP service.

For a small additional monthly fee you can access and download all your faxes in the secure storage via FTP or Secure FTP (SFTP). It can be activated from the “Services” section of the administrative control panel:

As soon as you activate the service it will be immediately available. To access your files you will need an FTP client. One example is the freeware program FileZilla which we will use for our example usage below. Of course there are many other clients available and the UnityFax FTP service should work with all of them.

When you start FileZilla you will see a default screen divided in four panels – log, local files/folders, remote files/folders and transfer queue. On the toolbar there is a hostname, username, password and port text fields and a quick connect button. You have to type the following information before you connect:

Hostname: ftp.faxorama.com
Username: <your user account e-mail address>
Password: <your user account password>
Port: 21 (this is the default port)

The screen should look like similar to the following:

When you click on the “Quickconnect” button the FileZilla client will connect to the server and download the directory listing. You will see the folders listed on the right side panel:

Now you are able to browse the folders and view your files from the right panel and you can download them to the local computer. We will show how to make a full backup of all data. First we need to choose to which folder the files will be downloaded. In our case we did create a folder called “Fax backups” on drive “C:”, which is currently empty:

Select the files/folders from the right panel (in our case, for full copy of the secure storage backup, we will select all folders in the root), right-click on one of them and choose “Download”:

The files will be added to your download queue (the bottom panel of the FileZilla screen) – you will see all PDF/image files added to the “Queued files”. The transfer of the files should take some time depending on how many files you have and your connection speed. When everything is finished you will have your full backup downloaded on the local computer (in our case in the “c:\fax backups” folder). You can now close FileZilla and browse this folder through “My Computer”.

PDF or TIF – which is better?

February 23rd, 2011

When you receive an faxed letter, it is not coming to you in raw format, but it is converted to a specific file format. Unityfax.com supports both the popular PDF files and TIF images for incoming faxes. It is very easy to switch between the desired format through the administrative panel in the fax management area:

So now we can decide – PDF or TIF? Which one to choose? There is no unified answer. It really depends on what you regularly do with your fax files after you receive them.

PDF files: The “Portable Document Format” was developed by Adobe in 1993. Like its name says it is a very flexible file format, because it can be read cross-platform on any computer with any operating system. In Windows the most popular way to view PDF files is using the Adobe Acrobat Reader. Additionally many other programs do support reading PDF. For the other operating systems – probably all Linux and BSD distributions as well as Mac OSX come with PDF readers available. One example is the Okular software for KDE. Even mobile phones are able to read the documents using free programs like Android PDF viewer or the built-in PDF viewer for iPhone. So briefly, the PDF file format is widely accepted by all systems!

All incoming faxes from UnityFax with PDF configuration are coming in as an “Image Only” format. The version is 1.1, which is a revised edition of the first release of the file format. That means that practically any PDF viewer, regardless how old version it is, will have no problems to read the file. For outgoing faxes PDF is also supported.

TIF images: The “Tagged Image File” is also a cross-platform format too. Initially it was a very popular image format only among Apple Macintosh computers; however later it became frequently used on the PC too. The history of the file format starts from the mid 80′s. Later the format was adopted under the control by Adobe. Now we can say that the TIF is one of the most popular files for transfering images. No major modifications were made to the TIF standard since 1993.

The TIF is actually a file format, not an image file like many people misunderstand initially. One TIF file is actually a container of one or more image files. That way one TIF can have many “pages” of images – just like it is with the PDF file. The image files themselves can use different compression types. UnityFax.com uses the “Group 3″ (aka CCITT FAX3) compression type for incoming documents because it is especially optimized for faxing purposes. This compression preserves the faxed document quality and makes the file size of the TIF file relatively small.

Comparisson: Both the TIF and the PDF files can be read on any computer on any operating system; however the PDF files usually require addtional software to be installed, like the Adobe Acrobat Reader for Windows. The TIF images can be practically read from any photo editor or image viewer software and usually every operating system with graphical interface has such preinstalled. For example Windows comes with the program “Windows Image and Fax Viewer” software. From that viewpoint the TIF files are a little bit more user friendly because they do not require installation of additional software on the computer where you wish to view the files while the PDF files may require installation of PDF viewer if such is not available.

The TIF images have another big advantage over the PDF files – they can be easily imported in graphics editing software and manipulated. It is not that easy to do that with a PDF file. Therefore if you are planing to edit the fax letters, then the TIF format is the better choice. Please note that fax letters can be edited only as images, not text. If you want to edit the fax letters as regular text, then you will need additional OCR (optical character recognition) software.

On the other hand for organization of documents it can be said that the PDF files are more comfortable. The Adobe Acrobat Reader (and other similar PDF viewers) have a much friendlier inteface for reading long multipage documents. They have navigation buttons in the toolbar and you can also scroll down through the pages with scrollbar, the mouse wheel or even with the Page Up/Down and arrow keyboard keys. It is usually not that easy with regular image viewers (that are used for TIF files) – they are usually optimized for single image files and the navigation from one page to another in the TIF file is usually uncomfortable. Here is an example how you can switch pages with “Windows Image and Fax Viewer”:

It is no doubt that the navigation pane of Adobe Acrobat Reader is much more comfortable:

Regarding the file size – you can expect the TIF files slightly smaller than the PDF files. This is because the compression algorithm used in the “Group 3″ TIFs is well optimized for faxes. Also both formats are well supported by most OCR applications. You should not expect any difference in the image quality on the screen between both compared formats.

The verdict: If you are going to just keep backups and read faxes, then the PDF format is the right solution. If you regularily edit the documents with graphical editors, then the TIF file is better and much more comfortable.

Post convert: You may eventually need to convert from the one format to another after you already received the fax letter. Many programs may let you convert PDF to TIF or TIF to PDF files. There are lots of free programs which will let you do that. Use your preferred search engine to find one.

How to use Internet faxing as a document scanner

February 9th, 2011

Sometimes you may encounter a situation when you have a paper document which you need to keep as an electronic copy and you do not have a document scanner nearby. This can become a hassle if you have to deal with these documents often. If however, you have a fax to e-mail account, then this is no longer a problem – you can easily scan your documents by sending a fax letter to your fax to e-mail number! The faxed documents will automatically appear as a digital PDF file in your email.

Even if you have a scanner it is not as easy and fast as it is to scan documents using a fax machine, especially if you have to use other peoples computers. You must scan the document in raw format to the computer software using the scanner. After that you must convert the scanned copy to specific format (like gif, png or jpeg) because the raw file size is usually very big and uncomfortable. Finally you have to send the document as attachment to your e-mail address, therefore Internet connection is required and if you do not use your personal computer – access to other peoples e-mail address too.

If you have an Internet fax number account, then scanning documents is very easy if you have access to a normal fax machine. All you have to do is to send the document to your fax to e-mail number and… that’s it. As soon as you send the fax, it will be converted to PDF or image file by the fax server and you will have it automatically sent to your e-mail almost immediately. This is very simple and fast way to accomplish the scan.

Increased resolution can also be obtained by sending the fax in fine, superfine or ultrafine mode.

Let’s briefly compare:

1. Using scanner (high quality color scans are possible):

  • Scan the document;
  • Convert it by some photo editing software to proper file format;
  • Access Internet and to e-mail account from which you can send out in particular;
  • Compose an e-mail to yourself with the file attached.

2. Using fax machine (commonly non-color and lower resolutions):

  • Just send the document to your fax to e-mail number and you will have the document in your e-mail inbox. No computer and internet connection required!

Conclusion: Scanning documents by sending a fax to your fax to e-mail number is a very convenient way to scan regular text documents. It is much faster and simpler than using scanners and therefore it saves time and it is more comfortable. This is the only way to scan a document in electronic copy on places where no Internet connection is available and you have a fax machine. It is much more practical and environment-friendly than making a paper copy on copier too.

How to receive faxes simultaneously?

February 2nd, 2011

Did you sometimes encounter calling a number and get a “busy” signal in exchange? Of course that happens when the person that you are calling is already talking with another (third) person. The same can happen with faxing – the regular fax lines allow you to receive only one document at a time. When somebody wants to send to you a fax while you are already receiving one, then he will get the usual busy signal. This is completely normal because the fax machine cannot print two documents at the same time and also one phone line cannot receive two calls simultaneously.

There are many companies who deal with lots of faxes every day. The number of busy tones will increase proportionally to the increasing of the incoming fax volume. The obvious solution to that problem is to add second, third, etc fax lines with corresponding machines. Of course this is not very comfortable for the users and it is very expensive to maintain – you will have many fax numbers and many machines. Can we do something else to solve this situation?

The UnityFax “Multi Line” feature comes to the rescue from the busy signals! It allows you to receive multiple faxes simultaneously and keeping only one fax number. When it is enabled the “Multi Line” will map a second phone line to the existing number. If the fax number is already receiving a fax on the first line and a second call is received, then it will be forwarded to the second incoming line. That way both faxes will be processed by the fax server and will be sent to your e-mail address in PDF or image format. This is something that is not possible with the normal fax machines!

That’s not all – UnityFax provides not just one, but up to five (5+) additional lines! That means that the service can suit the needs of even the most high pressured fax numbers. For example when you are running an attractive promotional campaign this may make your fax line “hot” and many times “not responding” (busy) to the potential inquiries. Using the UnityFax “Multi Line” service it is no longer an issue! You will not let your customers get a busy tone when sending a fax letter to you!

The final question is: how to add the additional lines to your fax number? This is done through the UnityFax Administrative Control Panel. Just login to the “Manage account(s)” area on the website, click on the link with your fax number and go to “Services” from the top menu. There you must mark the checkbox near “Multi Line” and select how many (total) lines you wish to have on this number:

The drop down menu will let you choose from two to six lines (total) for the selected account fax number. Clicking on the “Update account services” button at the bottom of the page will make the additional lines available and active immediately. You can add additional lines to every fax number that you have in the account separately. Enjoy!

Fax to e-mail aliases

January 25th, 2011

The usual fax to e-mail accounts allows you to receive faxes to only one e-mail address. There are many reasons for you to want your faxes to be forwarded to more than one address, for example:

  • You wish to use a secondary e-mail address on different mail server as automatic backup of your fax data;
  • You have two people that must process the same fax documents from different viewpoints simultaneously;
  • You are out of your office, you do not have access to your company e-mail account and you don’t want to miss important fax letters, so you wish to receive them temporarily on your personal e-mail address.

For all of those cases Unityfax.com provides an easy solution: e-mail aliases. You can add up to three additional e-mail accounts with which you can to receive copies of your faxes. That way UnityFax provides an option that every incoming fax can be dispatched to up to four e-mail addresses (the three aliases + the master user account).

Configuring the aliases is very easy. First you must go to www.unityfax.com and login to the “Manage accounts” area. Once inside you will see a list with your current fax numbers, similar to the following:

Click on the fax number that you wish to manage and you will see it’s “account info” configuration page:

The e-mail address which you specify on this page is your “master user e-mail”. You are able to send and receive faxes using this e-mail address. Additionally using this e-mail address and the corresponding “user password” you are able to login to the “Send/Manage faxes” area on the unityfax.com website.

Now to add additional e-mail addresses, where you will receive copies of your faxes, click on the “Receive aliases” link from the top menu:

On the next page you will see three text boxes. Type the additional addresses in the text boxes and click on the “Update” button:

That’s it – from now on the e-mail aliases will receive copies of your faxes. If you wish to remove an alias later, you have to go back to the same page, delete the address from the text box and click “Update”. Everything is done with only three mouse clicks!

Did you notice that there is also an option called “Send aliases” in the top menu? Yes, you are also able to add additional e-mail address which will be able to send faxes. This is very comfortable if you want to give access to another co-worker to send from your fax number; however you do not wish to give him full access to your account. The “Send Aliases” configuration page looks the same as the “Receive aliases” one and it has the same options to add or delete addresses.

What do e-mail aliases not do? You cannot login to the website using the aliases. Only the master user account has access to the secure storage.